Multiple Land Use Model
2020 Resettlement Plan - Villages / Settlements (Sept.2020)
SETTLEMENTS FOR UPGRADING TO VILLAGE STATUS
1.1 Introduction
According to the Village Land Act No. 5 of 1999, a sub-village shall qualify to that status if it is comprised of at least 25 households while a village should have a minimum of 250 households but not more than 10,000 people. Further, a Ward shall be formed by at least three villages to qualify to that status. Additional qualifications include distant from one settlement to the other and availability of basic social services including health and education facilities.
In a process to implementing the President’s Decree that was made on 15th January 2019 with respect to protected areas and development conflicts in Tanzania, particularly on guaranteeing ownership of land by the people through legalizing villages, which were inside protected areas but had lost status of being regarded as protected areas, enquiry from NDC revealed that all villages in NCA were not surveyed and no village boundaries were outlined. Sixteen (16) villages had registration numbers while nine (9) villages also possessed no registration numbers.
Those with registration numbers but without demarcated boundaries included Meshili, Ngoile, Osinoni, Kakesio, Irkepus, Bulati, Nainokanoka, Nayobi, Kapenjiro, Alailelai, Sendui, Esere, Endulen, Oloirobi, Mokilal and Olpiro.
Those without specified boundaries and registration numbers but existed in terms of elected or appointed leadership were Irtulele, Alchanimelock, Alaitole, Nasiporiong, Kayapusi, Masamburai, Misigyo, Longojoo and Kaitakiteng.
With reference to criteria for the establishment of a village particulary, dermacation with specified physical boundaries, human population and availability of essential social services, nine (9) settlements which currently have no registration numbers namely Irtulele, Alchanimerok Alaitole, Kayapus, Oloirobi, Masamburai, Misigiyo, Longojoo and Kaitakiteng as well as Irmelili sub-settlement of Bulati settlement should be abandoned.
Nine (9) settlements namely Meshili, Ngoile, Osinoni, Kakesio, Alailelai, Esere, Endulen and Olpiro, which are relatively more developed in terms of social infrastructure with relatively high human population that precludes them from being important and sensitive conservation areas as well as well as Nasipooring that that adjoins Endulen, which already have approxiamtely 10,000 people should be dermacated with physical boundaries and given registration numbers for development like any other villages in the country.
The remaining seven (7) settlements namely Irkeepus, Bulati, Nainokanoka, Nayobi, Kapenjiro, Sendui and Mokilal should continue to be settlements but with strict land uses and development activities. However, within proposed settlements there should be major internal resettlement and demolishing of buildings both public and private that are currently located in sensitive conservation areas like wildlife movement routes. Whereas private buidings that where built without permit shall be compensated, those without will not. Future encouragement of people to move outside NCA should focus more on proposed settlements and no further settlement shall be allowed.
If the proposed settlement pattern in NCA will be adopted by the Government, NCA will therefore be comprized of four wards including Gilai Meiguror, which will be annexed for the governance of natural, cultural and historical resources conservation and this arrangement will ultimately determine the structure and composition of NPC. The proposed status of settlement in NCA is shown in Table 1.
The strict land use & development; internal resettlement; demolishment of buildings was described in the following passage (see above) :
The remaining seven (7) settlements namely Irkeepus, Bulati, Nainokanoka, Nayobi, Kapenjiro, Sendui and Mokilal should continue to be settlements but with strict land uses and development activities. However, within proposed settlements there should be major internal resettlement and demolishing of buildings both public and private that are currently located in sensitive conservation areas like wildlife movement routes. Whereas private buidings that where built without permit shall be compensated, those without will not. Future encouragement of people to move outside NCA should focus more on proposed settlements and no further settlement shall be allowed.
Continuing with the MLUM:
Since the mid-1970s the Maasai population of NCA has been organised into Tanzanian-style 'villages'. Each 'village' comprises a loose cluster of individual homesteads or bomas scattered over a wide area. Village centres were established by setting up dispensary, primary school and/or stock dip in or near previously existing trading centres, and in some cases by forcing homesteads to move closer. They do not correspond to the Maasai villages of the past, nor do they correspond with traditional economic or leadership structures. The traditional social systems of section, clan, age-set and boma, still govern NCA Maasai access to resources and form the basis of their risk avoidance strategies and of their efficient livestock management in an unpredictable environment. The new villages represent the official structure through which education, health services, local government, law, and political representation outside NCA should all operate.
What this says is that the people living in the settlements will not get education, health services, local government, las and political representation.